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Caucasian War (1817–64)
The Caucasian War flared up after Russia moved troops into the mountains in 1817 and founded the fortress of Grozny on the River Sunzha in 1818. The brutal policies of the commander-in-chief, General Alexei Yermolov, led to an outbreak of Mouridism among the population.
In 1827, General Yermolov was replaced by Ivan Paskevich, who sought to establish Russian supremacy along the Black Sea coast, opening up a new front in the war against the hill tribes. Local resistance continued throughout the 1840s and 1850s, before the Caucasus was finally subdued in the early 1860s.
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