Column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall. Unlike a pilaster, it has a structural function as a buttress supporting or reinforcing the wall.

Superstructure of mouldings and bands which lie horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals. Derived from the Italian intavolatura, formed from in (“in”) and tavola (“table”).

Crown of a column, pillar or pilaster, especially in classical architecture. Derived from the Latin caput, meaning “head.”

Sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle or octagon, mostly found on a flat ceiling or on the interior surface of a dome. Employed as a form of decoration and to lighten the weight of the str...

Vaulted extension or projection, generally semicircular or polygonal in shape. Usually located behind the altar in the eastern end of a Christian church. Derived from the Greek apsis, meaning “arch” ...