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Painter, draughtsman, teacher. Studied under Pavel Chistyakov and Pyotr Shamshin at the Imperial Academy of Arts (1875–82). Fellow of the Imperial Academy of Arts in Italy (1883–88), visited Germany, Austria and France. Taught at the Baron Stieglitz Central School of Technical Drawing (1888–1916) and the Imperial Academy of Arts/Petrograd Free Art Studios/VKhUTEMAS/VKhUTEIN (1889–1930). Academician (1906), professor of painting (1911), full member of the Imperial Academy of Arts (1911). Founder of the Pavel Chistyakov Circle in Petrograd (1918). Contributed to exhibitions (from 1890). Contributed to the spring exhibitions of the Imperial Academy of Arts (1896, 1902), Community of Artists (1921), Arkhip Kuinji Society (1926, 1927, 1929, 1930), Year of Work in Leningrad (1935) and retrospectives in Leningrad (1949) and Moscow (1989). Honoured Artist of the RSFSR (1929).