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German painter, draughtsman, teacher. Studied at the Königlich Preussische Akademie der Künste in Berlin and under Paul Delaroche in Paris (1839–40). Visited Italy (1841) and Danzig (1842). Drew portraits for lithographs reproduced in Danziger Börse (1844). Worked in St Petersburg (1845–63), where he taught painting at the School of Drawing of the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts and was appointed court portraitist. Painted genre pictures, folk scenes and 137 known works dedicated to the Russian army. Academician (1861). Returned to Germany (1863) and died in Berlin (1888). Contributed to the exhibitions of the Königlich Preussische Akademie der Künste in Berlin (1842).