The most important representatives of the Moscow underground were Vladimir Yankilevsky, Dmitry Plavinsky, Eduard Steinberg and Marlen Spindler.

The New Artists movement of the early 1980s – Timur Novikov, Ivan Sotnikov, Inal Savchenkov, Vadim Ovchinnikov, Sergei Bugayev (Africa), Oleg Maslov and Oleg Zaika – was based on various different so...

Linked to the activities of a group of young architects disappointed in existing practice and developing a new artistic strategy, the “paper architecture” movement flourished in the 1980s. Form, styl...